K230 内存分析指南
1.小核内存占用分析
1.1 linux内核静态占用
1.1.1 size工具
使用size工具可以查看内核镜像的text、data、bss等大小，vmlinux所在位置为 k230_sdk/output/k230_evb_defconfig/little/linux 进入该目录使用size工具查看vmlinux
$ size -G vmlinux
text data bss total filename
9550790 5033374 375793 14959957 vmlinux
1.1.2 ksize.py脚本
在linux源码的tools目录内有一个ksize.py脚本，可以对内核目录下的built-in.a做解析，并将解析内容按照尺寸排序显示。
$ ./source/tools/ksize.py vmlinux
Linux Kernel total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vmlinux 14959957 | 10010970 4573194 375793
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
drivers/built-in.a 4060898 | 3757793 257384 45721
fs/built-in.a 3450902 | 2984349 439120 27433
net/built-in.a 3103220 | 2635627 392278 75315
kernel/built-in.a 2258370 | 1402705 668085 187580
mm/built-in.a 581664 | 480740 94560 6364
lib/built-in.a 494079 | 488689 3038 2352
block/built-in.a 242212 | 219496 20060 2656
crypto/built-in.a 165559 | 151371 14113 75
arch/riscv/built-in.a 117201 | 46516 43788 26897
ipc/built-in.a 60699 | 57375 3296 28
security/built-in.a 45740 | 43716 1944 80
init/built-in.a 31148 | 20394 10617 137
certs/built-in.a 1241 | 1217 16 8
usr/built-in.a 520 | 520 0 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 14613453 | 12290508 1948299 374646
delta 346504 | -2279538 2624895 1147
drivers total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
drivers/built-in.a 4060898 | 3757793 257384 45721
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
drivers/net/built-in.a 620309 | 589318 30918 73
drivers/usb/built-in.a 531811 | 500758 27947 3106
drivers/gpu/built-in.a 436282 | 426932 9262 88
drivers/media/built-in.a 305133 | 282425 12048 10660
drivers/mtd/built-in.a 287895 | 272626 12317 2952
drivers/tty/built-in.a 256154 | 225035 21385 9734
drivers/base/built-in.a 206309 | 191470 13710 1129
drivers/mmc/built-in.a 178193 | 168267 9882 44
drivers/scsi/built-in.a 150154 | 124680 24788 686
drivers/hid/built-in.a 106225 | 97793 8360 72
drivers/clk/built-in.a 90344 | 83123 7141 80
drivers/video/built-in.a 83938 | 76886 3240 3812
drivers/gpio/built-in.a 77888 | 74920 2920 48
drivers/i2c/built-in.a 73855 | 61913 8438 3504
drivers/input/built-in.a 71037 | 68181 2836 20
drivers/of/built-in.a 64023 | 58745 602 4676
drivers/spi/built-in.a 56824 | 50320 6480 24
drivers/char/built-in.a 45568 | 34511 10265 792
drivers/dma/built-in.a 37291 | 35993 1062 236
drivers/firmware/built-in.a 36744 | 33437 2477 830
drivers/crypto/built-in.a 31999 | 27463 3292 1244
drivers/thermal/built-in.a 30926 | 27157 3752 17
drivers/dma-buf/built-in.a 29547 | 26747 2668 132
drivers/virtio/built-in.a 27405 | 25984 1413 8
drivers/iio/built-in.a 27146 | 26470 664 12
drivers/block/built-in.a 25557 | 24084 1393 80
drivers/power/built-in.a 22133 | 14605 6848 680
drivers/soc/built-in.a 19576 | 10632 8912 32
drivers/leds/built-in.a 14605 | 13945 636 24
drivers/pwm/built-in.a 13628 | 11708 1792 128
drivers/watchdog/built-in.a 13598 | 13067 501 30
drivers/ras/built-in.a 12633 | 8089 4528 16
drivers/nvmem/built-in.a 11866 | 10962 904 0
drivers/misc/built-in.a 10180 | 9916 264 0
drivers/perf/built-in.a 8979 | 7839 488 652
drivers/reset/built-in.a 8579 | 8095 484 0
drivers/phy/built-in.a 7297 | 7138 151 8
drivers/irqchip/built-in.a 5992 | 5248 728 16
drivers/clocksource/built-in.a 3633 | 3229 400 4
drivers/canaan-hwtimer/built-in.a 3553 | 3273 224 56
drivers/mfd/built-in.a 2350 | 2122 224 4
drivers/canaan-hardlock/built-in.a 1312 | 1096 208 8
drivers/pci/built-in.a 164 | 164 0 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 4048635 | 3746366 256552 45717
delta 12263 | 11427 832 4
fs total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fs/built-in.a 3450902 | 2984349 439120 27433
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fs/nfs/built-in.a 831393 | 586545 243616 1232
fs/*.o 605562 | 543984 44914 16664
fs/ext4/built-in.a 535651 | 439889 94598 1164
fs/ubifs/built-in.a 233606 | 232778 704 124
fs/ntfs/built-in.a 178875 | 175071 3724 80
fs/nls/built-in.a 147032 | 146220 552 260
fs/proc/built-in.a 103930 | 102710 1140 80
fs/jffs2/built-in.a 89382 | 88050 1032 300
fs/hfsplus/built-in.a 89010 | 66622 22372 16
fs/fuse/built-in.a 83342 | 82094 1192 56
fs/jbd2/built-in.a 79685 | 67144 12421 120
fs/fat/built-in.a 62368 | 61689 627 52
fs/lockd/built-in.a 56531 | 52860 1415 2256
fs/ext2/built-in.a 51552 | 51288 256 8
fs/exfat/built-in.a 50232 | 49891 293 48
fs/hfs/built-in.a 44570 | 44342 220 8
fs/9p/built-in.a 38537 | 37968 541 28
fs/iomap/built-in.a 29506 | 23726 5556 224
fs/kernfs/built-in.a 24668 | 20038 494 4136
fs/debugfs/built-in.a 24646 | 24342 288 16
fs/configfs/built-in.a 23513 | 22733 752 28
fs/autofs/built-in.a 21641 | 21433 208 0
fs/notify/built-in.a 20350 | 18913 972 465
fs/sysfs/built-in.a 11121 | 10825 276 20
fs/devpts/built-in.a 4019 | 3383 628 8
fs/tracefs/built-in.a 3327 | 3191 120 16
fs/exportfs/built-in.a 2512 | 2488 24 0
fs/ramfs/built-in.a 2379 | 2299 80 0
fs/nfs_common/built-in.a 1962 | 1833 105 24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 3450902 | 2984349 439120 27433
delta 0 | 0 0 0
net total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
net/built-in.a 3103220 | 2635627 392278 75315
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
net/wireless/built-in.a 537167 | 416358 118041 2768
net/mac80211/built-in.a 530597 | 448777 81720 100
net/core/built-in.a 496384 | 441682 49334 5368
net/ipv4/built-in.a 490329 | 455868 21793 12668
net/sunrpc/built-in.a 424309 | 301164 86725 36420
net/ipv6/built-in.a 330602 | 305628 12017 12957
net/9p/built-in.a 74446 | 59002 15140 304
net/ethtool/built-in.a 65232 | 64314 831 87
net/netlink/built-in.a 37972 | 36352 1584 36
net/unix/built-in.a 31131 | 26138 876 4117
net/packet/built-in.a 29875 | 29087 786 2
net/*.o 26420 | 24930 1014 476
net/sched/built-in.a 14230 | 12813 1417 0
net/bpf/built-in.a 6775 | 6211 564 0
net/dns_resolver/built-in.a 4191 | 3835 344 12
net/ethernet/built-in.a 3560 | 3468 92 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 3103220 | 2635627 392278 75315
delta 0 | 0 0 0
kernel total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kernel/built-in.a 2258370 | 1402705 668085 187580
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kernel/printk/built-in.a 639702 | 28763 469075 141864
kernel/*.o 395328 | 331882 45935 17511
kernel/bpf/built-in.a 301274 | 289172 11737 365
kernel/trace/built-in.a 291112 | 215997 64131 10984
kernel/sched/built-in.a 196488 | 162431 27197 6860
kernel/time/built-in.a 106971 | 81903 19636 5432
kernel/events/built-in.a 92144 | 85731 5349 1064
kernel/cgroup/built-in.a 81197 | 61877 17188 2132
kernel/rcu/built-in.a 59568 | 54698 4731 139
kernel/irq/built-in.a 54302 | 50862 2300 1140
kernel/locking/built-in.a 24859 | 24667 188 4
kernel/dma/built-in.a 12733 | 12246 422 65
kernel/power/built-in.a 2692 | 2476 196 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 2258370 | 1402705 668085 187580
delta 0 | 0 0 0
lib total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lib/built-in.a 494079 | 488689 3038 2352
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lib/*.o 283551 | 279738 3605 208
lib/zstd/built-in.a 217655 | 217655 0 0
lib/mpi/built-in.a 38286 | 38206 32 48
lib/crypto/built-in.a 19029 | 18505 524 0
lib/zlib_deflate/built-in.a 17786 | 15394 108 2284
lib/lz4/built-in.a 17757 | 17757 0 0
lib/zlib_inflate/built-in.a 11310 | 11310 0 0
lib/xz/built-in.a 10127 | 10055 72 0
lib/fonts/built-in.a 4597 | 4597 0 0
lib/lzo/built-in.a 4048 | 4048 0 0
lib/math/built-in.a 2111 | 2099 12 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 626257 | 619364 4353 2540
delta -132178 | -130675 -1315 -188
block total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
block/built-in.a 242212 | 219496 20060 2656
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
block/*.o 198068 | 176004 19428 2636
block/partitions/built-in.a 44144 | 43492 632 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 242212 | 219496 20060 2656
delta 0 | 0 0 0
crypto total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
crypto/built-in.a 165559 | 151371 14113 75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
crypto/*.o 145243 | 131544 13645 54
crypto/asymmetric_keys/built-in.a 20316 | 19827 468 21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 165559 | 151371 14113 75
delta 0 | 0 0 0
arch/riscv total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
arch/riscv/built-in.a 117201 | 46516 43788 26897
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
arch/riscv/kernel/built-in.a 67393 | 38009 27176 2208
arch/riscv/mm/built-in.a 49808 | 8507 16612 24689
arch/riscv/lib/built-in.a 24 | 16 8 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 117225 | 46532 43796 26897
delta -24 | -16 -8 0
security total | text data bss
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
security/built-in.a 45740 | 43716 1944 80
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
security/keys/built-in.a 40288 | 38340 1880 68
security/*.o 5452 | 5376 64 12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sum 45740 | 43716 1944 80
delta
1.1.3 nm命令
nm命令可以查看内核模块中各个符号的尺寸。例如
$ nm --size -r vmlinux | head -10
0000000000058000 d _printk_rb_static_infos
0000000000020000 b __log_buf
0000000000018000 d _printk_rb_static_descs
0000000000008000 b write_buf.0
0000000000008000 d ftrace_stacks
0000000000003b88 r edid_cea_modes_1
0000000000003b2e T hidinput_connect
00000000000039c0 R v4l2_dv_timings_presets
0000000000002b4e t ntfs_fill_super
0000000000002b4c t ext4_fill_super
输出的结果共有三列数据，分别标识大小、符号类型、符号名。对于符号类型
- b/B - 符号位于bss段
- t/T - 符号位于text段
- d/D - 符号位于data段
- r/R - 符号位于rodata段
1.2 linux动态占用分析
1.2.1 free
在linux用户态命令行中，执行free命令即可获得当前系统的内存使用情况
[root@canaan ~ ]#free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 106028 28260 39824 84 37944 57024
Swap: 0 0 0
- total：Linux内核可支配的内存
- used：系统已使用的内存
- free：系统空闲的内存
- shared：共享内存
- buff/cache：被 buffer 和 cache 使用的物理内存大小
- available：还可以被应用程序使用的物理内存大小
1.2.2 /proc/meminfo节点
可通过cat /proc/meminfo进一步观察linux的内存使用情况
[root@canaan ~ ]#cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 106028 kB
MemFree: 39744 kB
MemAvailable: 56976 kB
Buffers: 356 kB
Cached: 10052 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 5024 kB
Inactive: 7008 kB
Active(anon): 84 kB
Inactive(anon): 1624 kB
Active(file): 4940 kB
Inactive(file): 5384 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 0 kB
SwapFree: 0 kB
Dirty: 0 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 1660 kB
Mapped: 3520 kB
Shmem: 84 kB
KReclaimable: 27600 kB
Slab: 39244 kB
SReclaimable: 27600 kB
SUnreclaim: 11644 kB
KernelStack: 912 kB
PageTables: 240 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 53012 kB
Committed_AS: 14572 kB
VmallocTotal: 67108863 kB
VmallocUsed: 2440 kB
VmallocChunk: 0 kB
Percpu: 136 kB
- MemTotal、MemFree、Buffers、Cached、SwapCached参考free的说明
- MemAvailable：使用MemFree、Active(file)、Inactive(file)、SReclaimable和/proc/zoneinfo中的low watermark根据特定算法计算得出，是一个估值，并不准确。可用来评估应用程序层面可用的内存。
- Active/Inactive: Active表示最近使用的内存，回收的优先级低；Inactive表示最近较少使用的内存，回收的优先极高。
- AnonPages 匿名页
- Mapped：设备或文件映射的大小。比如共享内存、动态库、mmap的文件等都统计在该内存中。
- slab/SReclaimable/SUnreclaim:内核slab使用的内存，包括可回收与不可回收部分。
- KernelStack：内核栈大小
- PageTables：页表的大小(用于将虚拟地址翻译为物理地址)，内存分配越多，此块儿内存就会增大。
- CommitLimit/Committed_AS: overcommit 的阈值/已经申请的内存大小(不是已分配)。Overcommit是Linux一种内存申请处理方式，为了跑更多更大的程序，大部分申请内存的请求都回复”yes”, 总申请的内存大于总物理内存。
- VmallocTotal/VmallocUsed/VmallocChunk: vmalloc区域大小/vmalloc区域使用大小/vmalloc区域中最大可用的连续区块大小。
2.大核内存占用分析
大核的内存主要包含以下内容
- rt-smart内核镜像静态占用
- rt-smart堆内存，主要是rt-smart内核使用
- rt-smart页内存，主要是用户态的malloc使用
- 多媒体使用的mmz内存，多媒体设备专用内存
2.1 静态分析
2.1.1 使用size工具
使用size工具可以查看rt-smart镜像的text、data、bss等大小，rtthread.elf所在位置为 k230_sdk/output/k230_evb_defconfig/big/rt-smart$
$ size -G rtthread.elf
text data bss total filename
3052420 26852 612126 3691398 rtthread.elf
2.2 动态分析
2.2.1 堆内存
使用free命令查看rt-smart的堆内存使用情况，单位字节
msh />free
memheap pool size max used size available size
-------------------- ---------- ------------- --------------
heap 33554432 1111520 33141096
- pool size 堆物理内存总大小
- max used size 历史最大占用物理内存
- available size 当前可用物理 内存
2.2.2 页内存
使用list_page查看页内存
msh />list_page
level 0 [0x07ffc000][0x07b5c000][0x07b68000]
level 1 [0x0315e000][0x07b6a000][0x07b5e000]
level 2 [0x07ff8000][0x07b6c000][0x07b58000]
level 3 [0x07b50000][0x07b60000]
level 4 [0x07b40000][0x07b70000][0x07fe0000]
level 5 [0x03160000][0x07fc0000]
level 6 [0x07b00000][0x07f80000]
level 7 [0x07b80000][0x03180000][0x07f00000]
level 8 [0x07a00000][0x07e00000]
level 9 [0x03200000][0x07800000][0x07c00000]
level 10 [0x03400000]
level 11 [0x07000000][0x03800000]
level 12 [0x06000000]
level 13 [0x04000000]
level 14
level 15
level 16
level 17
level 18
level 19
level 20
level 21
level 22
level 23
level 24
level 25
level 26
level 27
level 28
level 29
level 30
level 31
level 32
level 33
level 34
level 35
level 36
level 37
level 38
level 39
level 40
level 41
level 42
level 43
level 44
level 45
level 46
level 47
level 48
level 49
level 50
level 51
free pages is 00004e95
used pages is 0000000d
max used pages is 00000992
max used pages memory is 10035200 bytes
-------------------------------
- free pages 当前可用的page的个数
- used pages 当前已用的page个数
- max used pages 历史最大使用的page个数
2.2.3 多媒体专用内存
可使用/proc/文件系统查看
msh />cat /proc/media-mem
+---ZONE: PHYS(0x10000000, 0x1FAFFFFF), GFP=0, nBYTES=257024KB, NAME="anonymous"
---MMZ_USE_INFO:
total size=257024KB(251MB),used=0KB(0MB + 0KB),remain=257024KB(251MB + 0KB),zone_number=1,block_number=0